Annyeonghaseyo, yeorobun! In learning Korean, we canโt avoid the grammar part, especially Korean conjunctions. Understanding conjunctions is necessary to improve our Korean skill level. Similar to English, Korean conjunctions are basically used to connect phrases, clauses, or sentences. In a simpler word, conjunction is like words connector. It can be used in a sentence or more than one sentence. We will find many conjunctions in Korean and each conjunction has its own function, rule, and formula. Some of them will be complicated to learn and you probably get confused. So, we are gonna divide them into some parts. Surely, we provide examples in sentences to make it easier to understand.
1. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (Geurigo) โ Korean Conjunctions to Connect Similar Ideas
We use ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (geurigo) to connect words or correlate phrases in sentence. This conjugation is equivalent to โandโ or โand thenโ in English. It is commonly placed after noun in a sentence. Besides, we can also use it in separate sentences but those still have a correlation. Letโs see the examples below:
์ ๋ ์๋ฒ์ง, ์ด๋จธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋์์ ์ฌ๋ํฉ๋๋ค (Jeoneun abeoji, eomeoni geurigo dongsaengeul saranghamnida) = I love father, mother, and little brother.
2. -์ง๋ง/ ํ์ง๋ง (-jiman/ hajiman) โ Korean Conjunctions to Express Opposition
Both conjunctions actually have the same meaning but are slightly different in rule and formula. We use them to express the contrast clauses and sentences. -์ง๋ง (-jiman) is used to connect two opposite clauses in a sentence. We get two rules here: -์ง๋ง (-jiman) and -์ด์ง๋ง (-ijiman). -์ง๋ง is added after verb or adjective while -์ด์ง๋ง is positioned after noun. We use ํ์ง๋ง (hajiman) to express two opposite sentences. It indicates that the following sentence contrasts with the previous sentence. Please check the examples below:
์ ๋ ํผ์๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ ์ถ์ง๋ง ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค (Jeoneun pijareul meokgo sipjiman doni eobseumnida) = I want to eat pizza but I donโt have money.
๊ทธ๋จ์๋ ๋ฑ๋ฑํฉ๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฉ์์ต๋๋ค (Geunamjaneun ttungttunghamnida. Hajiman meosisseumnida) = That man is fat. However, he is cool.
3. ๊ทธ๋์ (Geuraeseo) โ Korean Conjunctions to Express Cause and Effect
In order to connect two sentences which have cause-effect relation, we use ๊ทธ๋์ (geuraeseo). In English, it is equivalent to โsoโ or โthereforโ. The first sentence indicates the fact or causal statement. The following sentence explains the effect or result of the previous sentence by using ๊ทธ๋์ (geuraeseo). The formula is simple. We only put ๊ทธ๋์ (geuraeseo) in the beginning of the following sentence (result sentence). Letโs find the example below:
์ค๋ ๋ณด๋ผ๋ ์ํ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค (Oneul Boraneun apeumnida. Geuraeseo hakgyoe gal su eobseumnida).
Today Bora is sick. So, she canโt go to school.
4. ๋๋ฌธ์ (Ttaemune) โ Conjunction to Express Reason
We use ๋๋ฌธ์ (ttaemune) to express a reason in a sentence. Literally, it has the similar meaning with โBecause ofโฆโ in English. Actually there are several Korean conjunctions to express reason but we will discuss the common one. We add ๋๋ฌธ์ (ttaemune) after a noun. The following clause is the result of noun added by ๋๋ฌธ์. Please see the example below:
๊ฒ์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค (Geim ttaemune jeoneun gongbuhal sigani eobseumnida) = Because of game, I donโt have time to study.