Categories: Learn Korean

Grammar 101: Learning Korean Conjunctions and Sentences (Part 1)

Annyeonghaseyo, yeorobun! In learning Korean, we canโ€™t avoid the grammar part, especially Korean conjunctions. Understanding conjunctions is necessary to improve our Korean skill level. Similar to English, Korean conjunctions are basically used to connect phrases, clauses, or sentences. In a simpler word, conjunction is like words connector. It can be used in a sentence or more than one sentence. We will find many conjunctions in Korean and each conjunction has its own function, rule, and formula. Some of them will be complicated to learn and you probably get confused. So, we are gonna divide them into some parts. Surely, we provide examples in sentences to make it easier to understand.

1. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (Geurigo) โ€“ Korean Conjunctions to Connect Similar Ideas

Source: 1theK YouTube

We use ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (geurigo) to connect words or correlate phrases in sentence. This conjugation is equivalent to โ€˜andโ€™ or โ€˜and thenโ€™ in English. It is commonly placed after noun in a sentence. Besides, we can also use it in separate sentences but those still have a correlation. Letโ€™s see the examples below:

์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (Jeoneun abeoji, eomeoni geurigo dongsaengeul saranghamnida) = I love father, mother, and little brother.

2. -์ง€๋งŒ/ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ (-jiman/ hajiman) โ€“ Korean Conjunctions to Express Opposition

์ฑ„๋„ NCT Daily

Both conjunctions actually have the same meaning but are slightly different in rule and formula. We use them to express the contrast clauses and sentences. -์ง€๋งŒ (-jiman) is used to connect two opposite clauses in a sentence. We get two rules here: -์ง€๋งŒ (-jiman) and -์ด์ง€๋งŒ (-ijiman). -์ง€๋งŒ is added after verb or adjective while -์ด์ง€๋งŒ is positioned after noun. We use ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ (hajiman) to express two opposite sentences. It indicates that the following sentence contrasts with the previous sentence. Please check the examples below:

์ €๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (Jeoneun pijareul meokgo sipjiman doni eobseumnida) = I want to eat pizza but I donโ€™t have money.
๊ทธ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (Geunamjaneun ttungttunghamnida. Hajiman meosisseumnida) = That man is fat. However, he is cool.

3. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ (Geuraeseo) โ€“ Korean Conjunctions to Express Cause and Effect

Stone Music Entertainment YouTube

In order to connect two sentences which have cause-effect relation, we use ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ (geuraeseo). In English, it is equivalent to โ€˜soโ€™ or โ€˜thereforโ€™. The first sentence indicates the fact or causal statement. The following sentence explains the effect or result of the previous sentence by using ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ (geuraeseo). The formula is simple. We only put ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ (geuraeseo) in the beginning of the following sentence (result sentence). Letโ€™s find the example below:

์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (Oneul Boraneun apeumnida. Geuraeseo hakgyoe gal su eobseumnida).
Today Bora is sick. So, she canโ€™t go to school.

4. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— (Ttaemune) โ€“ Conjunction to Express Reason

Source: SBS

We use ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— (ttaemune) to express a reason in a sentence. Literally, it has the similar meaning with โ€œBecause ofโ€ฆโ€ in English. Actually there are several Korean conjunctions to express reason but we will discuss the common one. We add ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— (ttaemune) after a noun. The following clause is the result of noun added by ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. Please see the example below:

๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (Geim ttaemune jeoneun gongbuhal sigani eobseumnida) = Because of game, I donโ€™t have time to study.

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