Categories: Learn Korean

Learning Korean 101: Family and Kinship Terms

Annyeonghaseyo, chingudeul! This section guides you to learn basic Korean focusing on family ๊ฐ€์กฑ (gajok) and kinship terms. I believe most of you are familiar with some vocabularies from K-drama or reality show footages. Surely kinship terms in Korean are much different from English and relatively complicated. The terms are gender-based and mostly depend on either the referred ones or the main subject. Besides, Korean is renowned for its hierarchal system, so you will find both formal and casual forms. Letโ€™s learn it from the popular terms!

1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ (Bumo) โ€“ Korean Family Terms for Parents

Image Source: Kdramastars

Korean has two ways in addressing parents. If you want to address them more formally, you should call your father ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ (abeoji) and your mother ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ (eomeoni). This is also a polite way to address otherโ€™s parents in order to respect them. Remember, hierarchy in Korean requires a manner. The younger or junior should respect the older or senior by addressing politely. However, you may also call your father ์•„๋น  (appa) and your mother ์—„๋งˆ (eomma). These sound more casual and are like โ€œmomโ€ and โ€œdadโ€ in English. Itโ€™s common to address your parents with those terms or otherโ€™s parents who are personally close to you. If you are not that close to them in personal, you should use ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ (abeoji) and ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ (eomeoni) instead of ์•„๋น  (appa) and ์—„๋งˆ (eomma).

2. Older Siblings

Image Source: W Korea

This part is little bit complicated but I believe you are able to memorize the terms well since these can be found in every K-drama. The way you address your older siblings is based on your gender and their gender. If you are female, you call your brother ์˜ค๋น  (oppa) and your sister ์–ธ๋‹ˆ (eonni). ์˜ค๋น  (Oppa) can also refer to your boyfriend or others who are older than you and you have a close relation in personal. If you are male, you address your brother as ํ˜• (hyeong) or ํ˜•๋‹˜ (hyeongnim) to be more formal and your sister as ๋ˆ„๋‚˜ (nuna).

3. Younger Siblings

Image Source: Vogue Korea

The way to address your younger siblings is simpler than to address the older ones. You only refer to their gender. Originally, it consists of ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ (namdongsaeng) which means little brother and ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ (yeodongsaeng) which means little sister. However, people tend to simplify by generalizing those terms with ๋™์ƒ (dongsaeng). This term sounds more common, especially in the casual conversation.

4. Grandparents

Image Source: tvN Drama Twitter

Grammatically, addressing the older family members like grandparents is based on your paternal and maternal side. Your paternal grandfather is called ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ (harabeoji) and paternal grandmother is called ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ (halmeoni). Meanwhile, Koreans usually add the suffix ์™ธ (we) to refer the maternal grandparents. So it consists of ์™ธํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ (we-harabeoji) for maternal grandfather and ์™ธํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ (we-halmeoni) for maternal grandmother. However, sometimes they simplify the terms with ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ (harabeoji) or ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ (halmeoni) only.

5. Korean Family Terms for Kinship

Image Source: TV Zum

Similar to grandparents, addressing your aunt and uncle is based on the paternal and maternal side. You may call your paternal uncle ํฐ์•„๋น  (keun-appa), or ์ž‘์€์•„๋น  (jageun-appa), or ์‚ผ์ดŒ (samchon) and your paternal aunt ๊ณ ๋ชจ (gomo). Meanwhile, sometimes Koreans also add the suffix ์™ธ (we) for the maternal side. You may address your maternal uncle as ์™ธ์‚ผ์ดŒ (we-samchon) and your maternal aunt as ์ด๋ชจ (imo). This part sounds more complex since we know that the root of Korean kinship system or structure is originally based on Korean traditional family system which is extended family.

6. Spouse

Image Source: Insight Korea

Married couple in Korean commonly calls their spouse ์—ฌ๋ณด (yeobo), either for their ๋‚จํŽธ (nampyeon) which means husband or their ์•„๋‚ด (anae) which means wife. However, sometimes Korean wives call their husband ์˜ค๋น  (oppa) and it is still common to use although they are married. If you are unmarried, donโ€™t dare to call your couple ์—ฌ๋ณด (yeobo) because it sounds cringe, lol! Sometimes non-Korean natives are mistaken about this term use. You can use ์ž๊ธฐ์•ผ (jagiya) or ์ž๊ธฐ (jagi) which means โ€˜babeโ€™ instead of ์—ฌ๋ณด (yeobo).

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